Tuesday, March 7, 2023

hydroelectric dam

 

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hydroelectric dam



A hydroelectric dam or transfer station is a concrete structure built directly into the current of a natural watercourse to serve as a reservoir of potential energy. Its mission is also to convey large quantities of water to turbines which in turn spin generators that produce electricity. How does this type of barrier work? What is its environmental impact?

How does a hydroelectric plant produce electricity?

It is not enough for water to accumulate in a hydroelectric dam for it to be transformed into electricity. On the contrary, it is a whole process of transformation that takes place in several stages.


The accumulation lake

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Depending on its power, a natural water current (river, river, lake) can release a certain amount of potential energy. The latter is generally in the form of mechanical energy whose flow is concentrated in a specific path by gravity.

Built across a watercourse, a hydroelectric dam not only regulates its flow, but also stores its water in an artificial lake called an “accumulation lake”. At the same time, it traps its potential energy. The speed and depth of the water passing through the dam pipe creates a hydraulic head that spins the turbine of the hydroelectric plant.

Starting the turbine

Turbines are made up of mechanical blades of various shapes and sizes. Large reaction turbines like the Francis turbines (found on the Three Gorges Dam in China) have large blades that require very high voltages and large motors to spin.

For example, to turn, the Francis turbine relies on the hydraulic head. The latter is created by the hydrostatic pressure resulting from the potential energy of the dam and increases with the speed of the water.

In other words, the hydraulic head of a hydroelectric dam depends exclusively on its height and the water flow. The rotation of the turbine transforms the hydraulic head into kinetic energy, which eliminates the speed and hydrostatic pressure of the fluid. From this point on, the water flows peacefully at the base of the dam.

Sunday, March 5, 2023

Circuit Teleruptor


Teleruptor Diagrama


Circuit Teleruptor is interconnection of electric components (electrica7.com)

Circuit Teleruptor

Teleruptor is a device for controlling the switching on and off of a light point from several different locations, from push buttons. Teleruptor is particularly suitable when you want to install more than three control points for lighting. There are unipolar and bipolar Teleruptor.

Their difference is subtle but important: the first only cut the phase when the lights are turned off, while the second cut both the phase and the neutral. Some models allow you to manage the desired lighting time with a timer. More complex than a simple back and forth,

a Teleruptor usually costs three or four times more expensive because its internal mechanism is more complex. The remote control switch operates as part of a lighting circuit. It allows one or more light point to be activated from one or more commands. As a reminder, an electricity control is a device allowing current to flow.   KM

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Timer Switches Wiring Diagram






Timer Switches


The control points are push buttons with indicator light to be able to locate them in case of extinction.

A time switch also known as a timer contactor or simply a timer is a device that controls an electric switch. The time switch is an electronic device that controls the ‘on’ and ‘off’ time of electrical equipment. The electronic timer switch can be built into an existing power circuit connected to the mains power, including a relay or a contactor

It is particularly used in the corridors and stairwells of buildings but is also found in individual residential corridors. A simple timer is typically adjustable from 30 sec to 7 min.

Some timers predict a gradual decrease in intensity before stopping. Others, instead of causing the extinction of the lamps, transform them into night lights. The device is installed in the distribution board and can control several push buttons, with lights or not..   KM




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hydroelectric dam

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